策略与技巧：机会来了……
tactics and Tips:Opportunity Knocks (zz wizards.com）
By Stephen Schubert
Attacks of opportunity are typically viewed as a hindrance to tactical play, but smart players and groups can use the rules for attacks of opportunity to their advantage. If you've studied the combat chapter or read Skip's online treatise on attacks of opportunity, you are likely familiar with how they work, but how do you make them work for you? Read on.
How Are They Avoided?
A player character has a number of ways to avoid provoking an attack of opportunity in the first place. A rogue might tumble to avoid the attacks otherwise provoked by movement, or a wizard might use a Concentration check to cast a spell defensively, and so on. Of course, the best way to avoid them is to never be in a threatened area, but that's just not as exciting.
Sometimes, when attempting to avoid attacks of opportunity, cover is your friend, since if your PC has cover, then your opponent can't make such attacks against your PC. But not only is cover your friend, but your friend is also cover! When teaming up against an opponent with exceptional reach, your PC can move up adjacent to the creature without provoking an attack of opportunity if she has cover along her route leading to her final space. If the Large opponent (or guy with a longspear) is already adjacent to your ally, then move your PC up "behind" your ally before you have her step diagonally into a space from which she can attack her foe. Using clever movement, one character in the party with Tumble or the Spring Attack feat can help to eliminate attacks of opportunity for the rest of the party by moving in first to provide cover for the rest of the group.
When Should You Provoke One?
While you never really want to give an opponent a free swing at your PC, sometimes taking a hit is inevitable, so at least make it on your terms. For instance, a character who needs to cast a spell, but who doesn't have a sufficient
odifier to make the Concentration check to cast it defensively, could move first and provoke attacks of opportunity for movement, which can allow him to cast his spell unimpeded (provided the foe doesn't have Combat Reflexes). Similarly, a spellcaster (or rogue) might provoke an attack of opportunity by retrieving a stowed scroll, so that when she reads the scroll, her opponent cannot disrupt her. In other instances, one character (preferably one with lots of hit points) may want to provoke the attack so that other characters can act freely.
What Should You Do With One?
Some of the less obvious attack options are still available with attacks of opportunity. For example, an opponent charges by your PC to attack the spellcaster or archer in the back rank. Use a trip attack, which may very well insure that he doesn't get an attack off that round, and he'll provoke another attack by standing. Or perhaps a cleric with a really high Armor Class tries to cast a spell next to your character. So, grab him with a grapple check.
Reach Out
An opponent can make an attack of opportunity against your PC only if he actually threatens him. This is where reach weapons come in. Reach weapons are ideal for controlling an opponent's movement, especially when combined with a trip or disarm attempt. Your PC can perform a trip or disarm attempt with a reach
weapon against an opponent 10 feet away, and if your target doesn't also have
a reach weapon, he will not get a chance to attack you back. Disarming an opponent while he approaches your PC is a sure-fire way to keep him from hitting your character.
Sometimes, having a ranged or reach weapon can be a disadvantage, since your character usually doesn't threaten adjacent spaces. But a simple spiked gauntlet can remedy this issue. While the 1d4 points of damage may not be as large as your character's primary weapon, he can still threaten adjacent squares with it, which allows him the opportunity to make attacks.
Bold-Faced Truths
A number of the feats from the Player's Handbook may come into play when using the above concepts. I've already mentioned Spring Attack, and Combat Reflexes is ideal if you like to have your PC take a lot of attacks when it isn't your turn. Many might also recommend Exotic Weapon Proficiency (spiked chain), to give your character a larger zone of control, but that could be an article all by itself. For those wanting to provoke many attacks of opportunity, using Mobility prevents many of those blows from landing. The various attack options each have their own feat, such as Improved Disarm or Improved Grapple, which allows your PC to no longer provoke attacks of opportunity for those actions as well as making your character's chance of success a bit higher.
Use these ideas to better take advantage of those opportunities you are given.
Game Resources: To use the material in this article to its fullest, check out the following resources: Dungeon Master's Guide, Monster Manual, Player's Handbook.
翻译：doggy
经典说法认为，借机攻击是战术中的阻碍。聪明的玩家和团队却懂得利用借机攻击的规则让自己获益。如果你已研究过“战斗”这一章节或读过skip's online上关于借机攻击的论文，大概你对于“它是如何运做的”已比较熟悉。但你如何让它为你服务？继续读。
如何避免借机攻击？
玩家角色有几种方法可以避免在第一位置引发借机攻击。一名游荡者可以以翻滚取代其它形式的、引发借机攻击的移动方式，而法师可以借助[专注]检定进行防御式施法，等等。当然，最好的办法是别处于威胁范围之中，但那可不够刺激。
有时，若试图避免借机攻击，掩蔽是你的朋友。因为如果PC有掩蔽，你的对手将无法进行此类攻击。不过，不仅仅掩蔽是你的朋友，朋友也是你的掩蔽！当组队挑战拥有异常的攻击距离的单名对手时，PC可以不引发借机攻击而在生物的邻近格中移动，只要在到达终点的移动路径上有掩蔽提供：如果大体型或拥有长武器的对手已经和你的队友相邻，那么就要在移到队友攻击位置的对角线格之前，先将角色移动到队友的身后。以机敏的移动方式，角色可以率先以翻滚或跳跃攻击移动，从而为其他队友提供掩蔽的位置，进而避免敌人对其他人的借机攻击。
何时你应当引发借机攻击？
虽然你绝不愿意让对手给予你的角色自由的一击，但有时硬挨一下还是不可避免的，所以至少让你自己来决定吧。例如，需要施展法术的一名角色却没有足够的专注修正以通过防御施法检定，那她可以先移动而引发借机攻击，再施法而不必被打断（假设敌人没有战斗反射）。类似的，施法者（或盗贼）可以先取出一张叠好的卷轴而引发借机攻击，因此使用卷轴时便不会被对手打扰。在其他的例子里，角色（最好是血牛）可以率先引发借机攻击而让其他人得以自由行动。
你应如何处理一个借机攻击？
在借机攻击中，一些不那么显著的攻击方式也是可用的。比如，对手向后方的施法者或射手发起冲锋。使用摔绊攻击可以很好地确保他本轮无法发起进攻，而他站起身时会再引发一次借机攻击。或者，一名罐头牧师正站在一边，准备向你的角色施法，那就抱住他罢。
长距攻击
只有当对手真正威胁到一名玩家时才可能造成借机攻击。这就是长武器的用处了。长武器在控制敌手的行动时很是理想，特别是当你试图摔绊和卸除武器时。角色可以在对手10尺距离上尝试进行摔绊或卸武；若你的目标没有长武器，就没机会还击你。当对手接近时卸除他的武器，是防止对手攻击PC的好办法。
有时，拥有投射武器或长武器是个劣势，因为角色将不再威胁其邻近范围。但只要一个简单的带刺手套就可以弥补这个问题。虽说1d4的伤害比不上你角色的首选武器，但却可以提供邻近位置的威胁范围，也就提供了借机攻击的机会。
值得强调的事实
一些PHB中的专长可应用于上文提到的概念。我已提过跳跃攻击，而如果你想在没轮到你
就做出大量的攻击，战斗反射是理想的选择。很多人也会推荐[擅长异种武器：刺链]，给你的角色更大的威胁区域，但那已经足够写另一篇文章了……对于想避免借机攻击的人，灵活移动将使多数借机攻击化为乌有。多种攻击方式都有它们对应的专长（[精通]系列），让角色攻击时不再引发借机攻击，同时提高了攻击的成功率。
用这些想法更好地把握住那些你得到的机会吧！
